Jigokudani Snow Monkey Park
Wild Monkeys Bathing in Mountain Hot Springs
Jigokudani (Hell's Valley) gets its name from the steam and boiling water that bubble up from frozen ground, surrounded by steep cliffs and formidable cold. The area was long uninhabited due to its harsh conditions. In 1964, the Jigokudani Wild Monkey Park was established to observe the natural behavior of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata), which are the world's northernmost-living non-human primates.
The monkeys' famous hot spring bathing behavior developed organically. In the 1960s, when the hot spring was constructed for tourists, a young monkey entered the pool and discovered its warmth. Other monkeys gradually followed, and the behavior became part of the troop's culture, passed down through generations. Contrary to popular belief, the monkeys primarily bathe to stay warm in winter rather than for hygment - though they clearly enjoy the experience.
The park gained international fame through wildlife photography, particularly Life magazine's 1970 feature. Today, the monkeys are completely wild and free-roaming - they come to the park area because of the hot spring and supplementary feeding, but they sleep and forage in the surrounding forest. The troop numbers around 160 individuals. Visitors can observe these fascinating creatures at close range while following strict non-interaction rules.
Key Highlights
- World's only monkeys known to regularly bathe in hot springs
- Troop of about 160 wild Japanese macaques (world's northernmost primates)
- Bathing behavior emerged naturally in the 1960s and became cultural tradition
- Featured in National Geographic, BBC, and numerous nature documentaries
- Best viewing in winter when snow covers the valley and monkeys bathe often
- Monkeys are wild and free-roaming, not captive or trained
Access Information
Location
6845 Hirayu, Yamanouchi, Shimotakai District, Nagano 381-0401, Japan
Nearest Stations
- • Yudanaka Station (Nagano Dentetsu Line)
Opening Hours
Apr-Oct: 8:30-17:00 (last entry 16:30) | Nov-Mar: 9:00-16:00 (last entry 15:30) | Open daily year-round
Admission Fee
¥800 for adults, ¥400 for children (6-15 years)
How to Get There
From Nagano Station
Nagano Dentetsu Line to Yudanaka, then bus to Kanbayashi Onsen, then 30-min forest trail
45 minutes + 30-minute walk
From Tokyo
Hokuriku Shinkansen to Nagano, then local train and bus
3.5 hours total
From Yudanaka Station
Local bus to Kanbayashi Onsen bus stop, walk 2 km forest trail
15 minutes + 30-minute walk
Tips & Visiting Guide
Make the most of your visit with these helpful tips and guidelines.
Winter is Prime Season
December through March offers the best viewing as monkeys bathe frequently to stay warm, creating iconic snowy scenes. However, trails can be icy and snow-covered - bring appropriate footwear with good traction.
Forest Trail to Park
The 30-minute (2 km) forest trail from the parking area is the only access. The path is generally well-maintained but can be steep, muddy, or snowy depending on season. Wear sturdy shoes and allow extra time in winter conditions.
Photography Guidelines
Bring a camera with good zoom or telephoto lens (70-200mm recommended). Flash photography is prohibited as it disturbs the monkeys. Winter photography requires attention to camera battery life in cold temperatures.
Monkey Interaction Rules
Do not feed, touch, or make eye contact with monkeys. Keep food and belongings secured. Don't show teeth when smiling (interpreted as threat). Crouch down rather than standing tall near monkeys. These are wild animals that can bite if threatened.
Best Viewing Times
Monkeys are most active early morning and late afternoon. They may leave the park area during the day to forage. Winter sees more consistent presence. Even in peak season, monkey presence is not guaranteed as they are wild and free-roaming.
Dress Appropriately
Winter temperatures range from -5°C to -15°C or lower. Layer warm waterproof clothing. The valley's steam and snow can make conditions wet. Bring hand warmers and extra batteries for cameras.
Nearby Hot Spring Lodging
Yudanaka Onsen and Shibu Onsen nearby offer traditional ryokan accommodations with their own hot springs. Staying overnight allows early morning park visits when monkeys are most active and crowds are smaller.
Environmental Conservation
The park operates as a wildlife observation facility with minimal intervention. Monkeys are fed supplementally but rely primarily on natural foraging. Respect nature and follow all park rules to preserve this unique ecosystem.
FAQ
How long should I spend at Jigokudani Monkey Park?
Most visitors spend 1.5-2 hours at the park itself. However, allow 3-3.5 hours total including the 30-minute forest trail walk each way. If you want to observe monkey behavior in detail or wait for the perfect photo, plan for 2-3 hours at the park.
Are the monkeys guaranteed to be there when I visit?
No, there's no guarantee as these are wild, free-roaming monkeys. They typically visit the park area daily, especially in winter when attracted by the hot spring warmth and supplementary feeding. Early morning and late afternoon have the highest probability of sightings. The park staff can often provide current monkey location information.
Is winter really the best time to visit?
Yes, winter (December-March) offers the best experience. Monkeys bathe more frequently in cold weather, creating iconic snowy scenes. However, summer visits are also worthwhile - you'll see baby monkeys (born spring) playing and learning to swim. The park is open year-round with different seasonal behaviors to observe.
How difficult is the forest trail to the park?
The 2km trail is moderately easy but can be challenging in winter. It includes some steep sections and uneven terrain. In good conditions, average fitness level suffices. Winter conditions require proper footwear with good traction due to ice and packed snow. Allow 30-40 minutes walking time each way.
Can I bring children to Jigokudani Monkey Park?
Yes, but children must be supervised closely. The trail may be challenging for very young children. At the park, teach children never to approach, feed, or make eye contact with monkeys. Some families use baby carriers for the trail rather than strollers, which aren't practical on the forest path.
What camera equipment do I need?
A camera with 70-200mm zoom lens is ideal for close-up shots while maintaining safe distance. Smartphone cameras work but limit composition options. Bring extra batteries as cold temperatures drain them quickly. A weatherproof camera bag protects equipment from snow and steam. Tripods are allowed but can be cumbersome on narrow viewing areas.
Why can't we feed the monkeys?
Feeding is strictly prohibited to maintain natural behavior and prevent aggression. Human food harms their health and makes them dependent or aggressive toward visitors. The park provides controlled supplementary feeding to keep the troop in the area, but this is managed by staff only. Violating this rule risks being asked to leave.
Are there luggage storage facilities?
Yes, coin lockers are available at the park entrance building for ¥200-400 depending on size. The trail is much easier without carrying large bags. Many visitors also store luggage at hotels in Yudanaka or Shibu Onsen before visiting. Consider traveling light or using storage options rather than carrying backpacks on the trail.
What's the best season for photography besides winter?
Spring (April-May) offers cherry blossoms along the trail and playful baby monkeys learning to bathe. Autumn (October-November) provides stunning fall foliage backdrop. Summer shows monkeys cooling off in the spring. Each season offers unique photographic opportunities, though winter's snow creates the most dramatic and iconic images.
Do monkeys bathe in summer too?
Yes, but much less frequently than winter. In warm weather, monkeys may dip in to cool off or young ones practice swimming, but extended bathing sessions are rare. Summer visits focus more on observing natural behaviors like grooming, playing, and foraging rather than the famous bathing scenes.
Is the park wheelchair or stroller accessible?
Unfortunately, no. The 2km forest trail includes stairs, steep inclines, and uneven terrain unsuitable for wheelchairs or strollers. There's no vehicle access to the park. Visitors with mobility limitations should carefully consider whether they can manage the 30-40 minute walk on natural terrain before planning a visit.
Can I visit Jigokudani on a day trip from Tokyo?
Yes, but it's a long day. Take the Hokuriku Shinkansen from Tokyo to Nagano (1.5 hours), local train to Yudanaka (45 minutes), bus to Kanbayashi Onsen (15 minutes), then walk 30 minutes. Total one-way is about 3 hours. Overnight stay in Yudanaka or Shibu Onsen is recommended for a more relaxed experience and early morning visits.
What should I wear in winter?
Layer warm, waterproof clothing as temperatures can drop to -15°C. Wear insulated waterproof boots with excellent traction for icy trails. Bring gloves, warm hat, and scarf. Hand and toe warmers are highly recommended. The valley's steam and snow create wet conditions, so moisture-wicking base layers help. Ski pants and winter jacket work well.
Are there restrooms and food at the park?
Basic restrooms are available at the park entrance building. However, there are no food vendors at the park itself. The entrance building has a small shop selling snacks and hot drinks. Bring water and snacks for the visit, though eating near monkeys is discouraged as food smells attract them.
What time should I arrive to avoid crowds?
Arrive at park opening (9:00 AM in winter, 8:30 AM summer) for smallest crowds and most active monkeys. Tour groups typically arrive 10:00-14:00. Late afternoon (after 14:00) also sees fewer visitors, and monkeys become active again. Winter weekday mornings are least crowded while offering excellent monkey viewing and photography opportunities.
Can I touch or pet the monkeys?
Absolutely not. These are wild animals, not pets. Touching is prohibited and dangerous - monkeys can bite if they feel threatened. Maintain at least 2 meters distance. Park rangers will intervene if visitors get too close. Enjoy observing their natural behavior from a respectful distance. Violating this rule risks injury and park expulsion.
Is English signage available at the park?
Yes, the park has English signage explaining rules and monkey behavior. Staff at the entrance have basic English ability and can provide English brochures. However, detailed explanations are primarily in Japanese. The rules are straightforward and visual guides make them easy to understand regardless of language ability.
What makes Jigokudani monkeys unique worldwide?
These Japanese macaques are the only monkeys in the world that regularly bathe in hot springs. This behavior isn't instinctive but culturally learned and passed through generations since the 1960s. They're also the world's northernmost non-human primates, surviving in regions with heavy snow. The combination of wild monkeys, hot springs, and snowy landscapes exists nowhere else.
Should I book accommodation in Yudanaka or Shibu Onsen?
Highly recommended, especially in winter. Staying nearby allows early morning park access when monkeys are most active and crowds minimal. Both Yudanaka and Shibu Onsen offer traditional ryokan with their own hot springs. After hiking and standing in cold weather watching monkeys, relaxing in your own onsen is perfect. Advance booking essential during peak season.
What happens if I make eye contact with a monkey?
Direct eye contact is interpreted as aggression or challenge by monkeys. If accidentally made, calmly look away and avoid staring. Don't smile showing teeth, as this also signals threat. Stay calm and still - monkeys will usually lose interest. If a monkey approaches, crouch down to appear less threatening rather than standing tall.
Nearby Attractions
Explore more wonderful destinations in the same prefecture.
Kamikochi
A pristine mountain valley in the Northern Alps with crystal-clear rivers, ancient forests, and dramatic peaks. This protected national park area offers hiking trails and stunning natural beauty at 1,500 meters elevation.
Karuizawa Resort Town
An elegant mountain resort town beloved by Tokyo's elite, featuring luxury shopping, forest villas, historic churches, and cool summer refuge at 1,000m elevation.
Kiso-Fukushima Town
A historic checkpoint town on the Nakasendo Trail, preserving Edo-period atmosphere with traditional buildings, narrow streets, and surrounded by the scenic Kiso Valley mountains.
Matsumoto Castle
One of Japan's most beautiful original castles, featuring a striking black exterior that earned it the nickname 'Crow Castle.' This National Treasure exemplifies feudal-era castle architecture with its six-story main keep and defensive design.
Mount Norikura
An accessible 3,026-meter peak in the Northern Japan Alps, famous for its scenic skyline drive reaching 2,702 meters and offering spectacular alpine landscapes with minimal hiking required.
Nozawa Onsen
A charming traditional onsen village famous for world-class powder skiing in winter, 13 free public bathhouses, and authentic mountain town atmosphere.
Togakushi Shrine
An ancient shrine complex spread across a forested mountain, famous for a stunning approach through 400-year-old cedar trees and ninja heritage.
Tsumago-juku
A beautifully preserved Edo-period post town on the historic Nakasendo trail, where time seems to have stopped in the 17th century with traditional wooden buildings and mountain scenery.