Lake Shikotsu
Crystal Waters in Volcanic Wilderness
Lake Shikotsu formed approximately 40,000 years ago through volcanic activity that created a caldera basin 13 kilometers east-west and 10 kilometers north-south. At 363 meters deep, it ranks as Japan's second-deepest lake after Lake Tawada in Akita, and its volume makes it the nation's second-largest caldera lake. The Ainu people named it 'Shikot' meaning 'big depression' or 'big valley,' reflecting the dramatic surrounding mountain walls.
The lake's remarkable water clarity stems from minimal nutrient inflow and limited human development around its shores. For decades, Lake Shikotsu has consistently ranked among Japan's top three lakes for water quality in national surveys. Its depth and geothermal warmth from underlying volcanic activity prevent the surface from freezing - making it the northernmost ice-free lake in Japan, a distinction that creates unique winter landscapes where steam rises from the unfrozen waters.
Shikotsu-Toya National Park, established in 1949, protects the lake and surrounding volcanic mountains including Mt. Tarumae, Mt. Eniwa, and Mt. Fuppushi. The park balances preservation with sustainable tourism, allowing visitors to experience pristine wilderness while protecting fragile ecosystems. Limited shoreline development maintains the lake's wild character, with dense forests coming right to the water's edge in most areas.
Key Highlights
- Exceptional water clarity - consistently rated top 3 in Japan
- Japan's second-deepest lake at 363 meters depth
- Northernmost ice-free lake due to depth and volcanic warmth
- Pristine natural setting within Shikotsu-Toya National Park
- Winter Ice Festival with illuminated ice sculptures
- Water activities: kayaking, diving, paddle-boarding, fishing
Access Information
Location
Shikotsu, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0281, Japan
Nearest Stations
- • Chitose Station (JR Chitose Line) - 45 min by bus to lake
- • New Chitose Airport - 40-50 min by bus to lake
Opening Hours
Lake and public areas: 24-hour access; Visitor center: 9:00 AM - 5:30 PM (April-November), 9:30 AM - 4:30 PM (December-March); Activity operators: typically 8:00 AM - 5:00 PM seasonally
Admission Fee
Free lake access; Clear kayaking tours: ¥5,500-8,000; Boat tours: ¥1,650; Diving tours: ¥15,000+; Parking: ¥500/day
How to Get There
From New Chitose Airport
Take Hokkaido Chuo Bus bound for Lake Shikotsu from airport Terminal Domestic #28 bus stop (45 minutes, ¥1,100). Buses run 5-6 times daily. This is the most convenient option for visitors arriving by air.
45 minutes
From Sapporo
Take Hokkaido Chuo Bus from Sapporo Station Bus Terminal directly to Lake Shikotsu (70 minutes, ¥1,320). Alternatively, JR to Chitose Station (30 min) then bus to lake (45 min, ¥850).
1.5 hours
From Chitose City
Take Hokkaido Chuo Bus from Chitose Station to Lake Shikotsu (45 minutes, ¥850). Buses run approximately every 1-2 hours during daytime.
45 minutes
Tips & Visiting Guide
Make the most of your visit with these helpful tips and guidelines.
Clear Kayak Experience
Lake Shikotsu's exceptional water clarity (average visibility 20+ meters) makes transparent-bottom kayaking magical - you can see deep into the crystalline blue water. Several operators offer 90-minute guided tours (¥5,500-8,000) departing from Shikotsukohan. Early morning sessions (6-8 AM) provide glassy calm waters and ethereal morning mist. May-October are prime months. Advanced paddlers can rent standard kayaks (¥2,000/2 hours) for independent exploration.
Lake Shikotsu Ice Festival
Late January through mid-February, the lakefront hosts a winter illumination festival featuring ice sculptures created from the lake's frozen spray. Evening illumination (sunset-9 PM) in blue, red, and green lights creates otherworldly atmosphere. Ice slides, ice buildings, and warming tents with hot drinks available. Weekend fireworks add to the spectacle. Dress extremely warmly - temperatures often drop below -10°C.
Mt. Tarumae Hiking
The distinctive flat-topped Mt. Tarumae (1,041m) volcano dominates the lake's eastern shore. The 7th Station trailhead (accessible by car, 30 min from lakeside) offers a 2-hour round-trip hike to the crater rim with phenomenal lake views. The hiking season runs June-October. Experienced hikers can descend into the crater (add 1 hour). Verify eruption status before hiking - Mt. Tarumae is active. Trail can be steep and exposed; wear proper footwear.
Best Seasons & Timing
Summer (June-September) offers warmest weather for water activities and swimming at Morap Beach. Autumn (late September-October) delivers spectacular foliage with red and gold forests reflected in mirror-calm morning waters. Winter (December-February) showcases the steam phenomenon and Ice Festival. Spring sees ice breakup and mountain wildflowers. Weekdays significantly quieter than weekends. Early morning (sunrise-9 AM) provides best photography light and wildlife viewing.
Photography Spots
Shikotsukohan lakefront pier offers classic sunrise views across the lake to Mt. Fuppushi. The wooden observation deck at Poropinai provides elevated lake panoramas. Autumn colors reflected in calm water create stunning compositions. Winter steam rising from the unfrozen lake against snowy mountains is dramatic. The clear-water visibility lends itself to underwater photography. Blue hour (dawn/dusk) intensifies the lake's sapphire color.
Accommodation Options
Lakeside lodging concentrates in Shikotsukohan village on the eastern shore. Shikotsukohan Onsen offers hot spring hotels including Marukoma Onsen (featuring a rare lakeside rotenburo) and Yunokaze Resort. Camping available at Morap Campground (¥1,000/night, late April-October). Limited dining options make staying overnight or bringing food advisable. Most hotels offer kaiseki dinners featuring local fish and Hokkaido ingredients.
Sightseeing Boat Tours
The Mizuume sightseeing boat (late April-early November) offers 30-minute cruises (¥1,650 adults) around the western basin with underwater viewing windows showcasing the exceptionally clear water. Commentary explains volcanic geology and lake ecology. Departure frequency varies seasonally (hourly in summer, less frequent in shoulder seasons). Sunset cruises occasionally available on summer weekends offer magical light.
Visitor Essentials
The Shikotsu Lake Visitor Center provides excellent exhibits on volcanic formation, lake ecology, and wildlife (free admission). Rent bikes to explore the 12-kilometer paved lakeside road (¥500/hour). Limited restaurant options - Shikotsukohan Rest House serves basic meals. Bring insect repellent in summer. Free Wi-Fi at visitor center. No convenience stores - stock supplies in Chitose. Weather changes rapidly; bring layers even in summer.
FAQ
What makes Lake Shikotsu's water so clear?
Lake Shikotsu is Japan's second deepest lake at 363 meters with minimal nutrient inflow, preventing algae growth. The caldera lake has no major rivers flowing in or out, maintaining exceptional clarity. In 2022, it ranked highest in Japan for water transparency. You can see several meters deep in many areas.
Can I swim in Lake Shikotsu?
Yes, swimming is popular at Morappu Beach and Bifue Beach during summer (July-August). However, the water remains cold even in summer, typically 18-20°C. The beaches have changing facilities and are supervised during peak season. Spring and autumn water is too cold for most swimmers but popular with wetsuit-clad kayakers.
What is the Ice Festival and when does it happen?
The Lake Shikotsu Ice Festival (late January to mid-February) features massive ice sculptures created by spraying lake water and freezing it in layers. The structures are illuminated at night in blue and green lights. It's a magical winter spectacle, though it's a smaller festival than Sapporo's Snow Festival.
How long does it take to drive around the lake?
The accessible portion of the lakeshore road is about 32km and takes roughly 50 minutes to drive without stops. However, a portion of the lake has no road access due to steep mountains. Plan 2-3 hours to properly enjoy stopping at beaches, viewpoints, and the visitor center.
Are there hiking trails around Lake Shikotsu?
Yes, several trails exist including Mt. Tarumae (5-6 hours round trip) offering crater views, Mt. Fuppushi (4-5 hours) with lake panoramas, and the easier Okotanpe Trail (1 hour) through forest to a scenic overlook. Trails range from beginner to advanced. Maps available at the visitor center.
What water activities are available?
Kayaking and canoeing are extremely popular due to the clear water, with rentals and guided tours available. Stand-up paddleboarding, pedal boats, and fishing are also offered. Diving and snorkeling let you explore underwater visibility. Winter ice diving attracts adventurous divers. Glass-bottom boat tours operate in summer.
How crowded does the lake get?
Weekdays are generally quiet except during summer vacation (late July-August) and autumn foliage (October). Weekends see day-trippers from Sapporo and Chitose. The Ice Festival draws large crowds on weekends. Early morning visits offer the most peaceful experience with best light for photography of mirror-like water reflections.
Can I see Mt. Tarumae volcano?
Yes, Mt. Tarumae's distinctive horseshoe-shaped crater is visible from many lakeshore points and dominates the eastern shore. You can hike to the crater rim (2-3 hours one way) for stunning views into the active crater and across the lake. The trailhead is accessible by car near the eastern shore.
What's the best season to visit Lake Shikotsu?
Each season offers unique beauty. Summer provides warmest weather and water activities. Autumn (late September-October) brings stunning foliage reflected in clear water. Winter has the Ice Festival and dramatic scenery. Spring (May-June) offers emerging greenery and fewer crowds. The lake never fully freezes, remaining deep blue year-round.
Are there onsen near the lake?
Yes, Lake Shikotsu Onsen village on the eastern shore has several ryokan with hot springs, including Marukoma Onsen with unique lakeside outdoor baths built into rocks. Kohan Onsen also offers bathing facilities. These combine lake views with natural hot spring bathing for a perfect Hokkaido experience.
How far is Lake Shikotsu from New Chitose Airport?
The lake is remarkably close to New Chitose Airport, only about 30-40 minutes by car to the eastern shore. This makes it an excellent first or last stop for Hokkaido visitors. Rental car is the easiest option. Limited buses run from Chitose Station taking about 50 minutes to Lake Shikotsu Onsen.
Can I camp at Lake Shikotsu?
Yes, the Bifue Campground offers both tent sites and rental cabins with lake views. The site is open from late April to early November. Facilities include restrooms, showers, and cooking areas. It's a popular spot but maintains a peaceful atmosphere. Reservations recommended for summer weekends and holidays.
What fish live in the lake?
Lake Shikotsu is famous for landlocked kokanee salmon (himemasu), which are unique to certain Hokkaido lakes. Rainbow trout, brown trout, and char also inhabit the lake. Fishing is popular with license required. Some restaurants serve freshly caught lake fish, particularly kokanee salmon which is considered a delicacy.
Is there a visitor center with information?
Yes, the Lake Shikotsu Visitor Center near the eastern shore provides free exhibits about the caldera formation, ecosystem, and local wildlife. Staff can provide trail maps, activity information, and current conditions. English materials are limited but displays are visual. It's an excellent first stop to orient yourself.
What wildlife might I see around the lake?
The surrounding forest is home to brown bears (especially spring and autumn), red foxes, Yezo deer, and various bird species including white-tailed eagles and ospreys. Bear bells are recommended for hiking. Early morning and dusk offer best wildlife viewing opportunities, but maintain safe distances from all wild animals.
Are there restaurants near the lake?
The eastern shore Lake Shikotsu Onsen area has several restaurants serving local dishes including himemasu (kokanee salmon), venison, and Hokkaido vegetables. Options include casual cafes and ryokan restaurants. Choices are limited, so plan accordingly. Some operate seasonally with reduced winter hours. Bringing snacks is wise for full-day visits.
Can I visit in winter and what should I expect?
Yes, winter visits offer serene beauty with snow-covered mountains reflected in deep blue water. The Ice Festival is the main winter draw. Roads are plowed but require winter tires. Most campgrounds and some facilities close. Dress warmly and be prepared for temperatures well below freezing. The lake's unfrozen water creates atmospheric mist.
What's the water temperature throughout the year?
Surface water temperature varies from around 3-5°C in winter to 18-22°C in late summer. Even at its warmest, the water is refreshingly cold. Deeper water remains consistently cold year-round at about 3-4°C. This cold water contributes to the exceptional clarity and prevents the lake from freezing despite Hokkaido's harsh winters.
Are there scenic photo spots around the lake?
The boat dock area at Lake Shikotsu Onsen offers classic reflection shots with Mt. Tarumae. Bifue Beach provides wide-angle views. The red Yamisen Bridge is photogenic. Early morning calm conditions create perfect mirror reflections. Autumn foliage from late September to mid-October adds vibrant colors. Winter Ice Festival sculptures are spectacular at dusk.
How does Lake Shikotsu compare to Lake Toya?
Lake Shikotsu is deeper, clearer, and more natural with less development. Lake Toya has more tourist facilities, onsen hotels, and the nightly fireworks. Shikotsu offers better hiking and wilderness experience. Toya has more family attractions. Both are beautiful caldera lakes worth visiting; your choice depends on whether you prefer nature or amenities.
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